A Touch of Frost Essay Example for Free

A Touch of Frost Essay The first scene we see is of a boy (Billy) walking through the woods at night dusting of his knees. He is very well lit and has a mischievous look on his face also his face is cut. He looks surprised and panicked when the police shout at him and chase after him, once the police have taken him down we get a close up of Billy’s face it’s not until then we realise that the Billy is down syndrome and we begin to feel guilty when he shouts ‘I haven’t done anything wrong ‘we begin to wonder how has Billy done anything wrong when he is a innocent disabled person. The next scene we go to is a shot of Frost and Billy’s father in the corner of a dark room the camera shot used is a high angled shot looking down at the characters this is used to look like the camera is intruding or being nosey. Frost later uses some discriminative/offensive language and calls Billy ‘Mentally subnormal’ Billy’s father corrects him and calls him ‘Handicapped’ Frost discusses that he will have to have someone with him when he questions Billy in case he breaks any of the rules this is discriminative as it means Billy is different and has to have different measures in place for Frost to be able to interview him. The next scene we see is when Frost is interviewing Billy the scene is set in what seems to be a quite dark living room with a wall lamp on which creates a fading light over the set. We see another close up of Billy’s cut up face then there are a series of back and forth shots to give the effect of conversation between Billy and Frost. Frost is very intimidating towards Billy who’s seems paranoid when talking to Frost, we feel sorry for Billy in this scene as Frost makes it very obvious that Billy is responsible for the missing of his friend Trisha. There are a lot of camera shots over Frost’s shoulder aiming downwards towards Billy’s face this is to make Billy seem intimidated and belittled. Frost speaks in a very patronising tone towards Billy as he starts to become very hesitant with his answers Billy’s Dad is in the background of the shot this is to make it look like Billy’s Dad is looking after, supporting and protecting Billy. We are left on a cliff-hanger as we do not get to find if Billy did commit a crime this could make some people feel quite affectionate or sorry towards Billy because of his disability others could take an opposite view on it and they could think that Billy was quite perceiving and cunning and that he shouldn’t be treated or thought of any differently from the rest of us just because he has a disability

A Tale of Apocalypses, Men, Women, & Sports :: Movie Film Sports Essays

A Tale of Apocalypses, Men, Women, & Sports This movie is set in a post-apocalyptic society in the year 2010. After World War III broke out, the world was destroyed in the year 2008. The survivors have no memory of what their planet used to be like, or how they used to live. The earth is covered in layers of debris that archaeologists are sifting through to figure out how people lived before the world was destroyed. Along with the "death" of our modern world, women's rights also died, and men think they are far superior once more. Opening scenes (each is only a few seconds long): Close up of blade chopping vegetables, zoom out to see that blade is actually ice skate. Cut to: restaurant with people eating soup out of semi-deflated basketballs. Cut to: Opening credits with people playing in background: people are running around wearing helmets and throwing a hockey puck at each other's heads. Cut to: people on an archeological dig, sifting through the dirt with tennis rackets. Most of a track has been unearthed, and the archaeologists think it is called a "Coca-Cola" because of the large sign at one end of the field in the center of the track. One of our heroines is named Soleada Lluvia, and she has just unearthed a badminton birdie and is studying it. She is distracted when the archaeologists who have been uncovering the track announce that they have finished. She drops the birdie and joins the others as they stare at the track. They remember seeing people run in circles around such a thing from damaged movies they have uncovered on previous expeditions. The men immediately begin discussing how this must have been used as a sports arena for men. The women point out that they saw women running in the movies, too, but they men just laugh at them and say that women are too weak to do sports. The women become angry and start citing famous female athletes they read about in records they found. They mention Babe Didrickson, FloJo, Wilma Rudolph, and others. The men point out that that was before the world ended, and say that now women are weak again. The women assert that women never were weak, then or now, and challenge the men to a contest. They decide to hold their contest in one month - to give them time to train, and time to research more of the sports of the past.

Enzymes Laboratory Report

ENZYMES LABORATORY REPORT Introduction The utilization of any complex molecule for energy by an organism is dependent on a process called hydrolysis. Hydrolysis breaks complex molecules into simpler molecules using water. Similarly, the process that is the reverse of this is called dehydration synthesis, which removes water from simpler molecules. However, because hydrolysis occurs very slowly, living organisms use biochemical’s called enzymes to speed up the reaction. In this lab exercise, we studied the nature of enzyme actions using live yeast cells as our source of sucrose. The enzyme will then break the sucrose into one molecule of glucose and fructose. Because sucrose is a large molecule that cannot enter most cells, yeast will produce sucrase and secrete it into cell membranes. The sucrose will be hydrolyzed into small six-carbon monosaccharide’s which can enter into the cell membranes. The sucrose can be obtained from a 0. 5 percent solution of â€Å"dry baker’s yeast in water†. In parts A and B, the experiment will study the optimal temperature under which the yeast cells degrade sucrose using varying pH and temperature of the environment surrounding the yeast cells. Part C will study the effects of extreme heat on enzyme activity and part D will focus on the saturation point for enzymes using varying substrate concentrations. Materials and Procedure See pg 79-82 section: Enzymes â€Å"Experiments in Biology from Chemistry to Sex† Fifth Edition By Linda R. Van Thiel Results In test A. ffect of pH, the results we obtained for tube #1 was a solution color of orange and a color activity of 3. For #2 was also orange and color activity of 3. For #3 was orange and a color activity of 3, for #4 was green and a color activity of 1, and finally for #5 was blue and a color activity of 0. From our results, it shows the optimum pH is tube # 1-3. The control in this experiment was test tube 3A, with a pH of 7, as this pH was neutral. In test B. effects of tempera ture, the optimum temperature is shown on our graph to be two different points (either 24 or 60 degrees). For our results we received a solution color of blue for tube 1, and a color activity of 0. For tube 2, we received a solution color of orange and a color activity of 3. For tube 3, we received a solution color of green and a color activity of 1, for tube 4; we received a solution color of orange and a color activity of 3. Finally, for test tube 5, we received a solution color of blue, and a color activity of 0. The highest rates of activity were found in test tubes 2 and 4. The control in this experiment was test tube number 2, which was kept in the temperature environment of 24 C [room temperature]. In test C. Effect of Denaturation, the boiled sucrose and sucrase received slightly lowered color activities than the non-boiled tube. Shown on graph 8. 3, the graph begins with no movement in rate of activity followed by a steady increase in the color activity. The results show that test tube 1, which was boiled sucrase and sucrose, had a solution color of green and a color activity of 1. Test tube 2, which contained boiled sucrase had a solution color of green and a color activity of 1, test tube 3, which contained boiled sucrose, had a solution color of orange and a color activity of 3, finally test tube 4, which was neither boiled, had a solution color of red, and a color activity of 4. From the results, the neither boiled tube had the highest color activity. The control in this experiment was test tube 4, which was completely untouched. In test D. Effect if substrate concentration, the higher concentrations of sucrose received a higher color activity. The graph is represented by a constant followed by a steady drop as the concentration of sucrose decreases. The results showed that in test tube 1, which contained 100% of sucrose, the solution color was red and the solution gained a color activity of 4. In test tube 2, the concentration of sucrose of 50%, and the solution color was also red, which a color activity of 4. In test tube 3, which contained 25% sucrose, the solution color was orange, and had a color activity of 3, in test tube 4, which contained 10% concentration; the solution color was green and had a color activity of 1. In the last test tube, which had no concentration of sucrose, the solution color was blue, and had no color activity. The control in this experiment was test tube 5 which contained no sucrose at all. Discussion In the first test, the test of the effect of pH, the results show the effect of pH increases the rate of reaction as having a slightly acidic pH will increase the actual reaction while supporting a more basic pH will decrease the reaction. In our results, it shows that the pH reaches an optimum pH of 7 before decreasing. The results are not completely accurate, as the first three tubes all had a color activity of 3. The actual results should have had a slightly higher color activity for the optimum pH (which would have been from a pH of 5-6) and a lower color activity for the starting and ending pH. Experimental error may be caused by unwashed test tubes and slightly inaccurate amounts of solution being placed into test tubes. The second test consisted of the effects of Temperature. Temperature (as represented in graph 8. 2) increases rate of reaction in the enzyme until reaching an optimum point, and then decreasing rapidly. However, in our results, we were accurate until we reached the optimum point, (37 degrees). Instead of this being the highest point for rate of reaction, we obtained a color activity of 1. Because 37 degrees was the optimum temperature, this should have been the highest point and the highest rate of activity. However, we had an experimental error in the form of accidently placing the 3rd tube in the wrong temperature environment. The third test consisted of the effects of Denaturation. In this test, the tube that showed the highest color activity was tube four because it was not exposed to the higher temperatures. Enzymes that are boiled, or exposed to extreme temperatures could denature the protein component thus destroying the enzyme. However, by boiling the substrate, the enzyme’s rate of reaction increases. However in our data, the first and second test tube should have contained no color activity as such extreme temperature would have already destroyed the enzyme. There could have been experimental error in the length it took to boil the test tube as it may not have reached its required amount. The last test consisted of the Effects of Sucrose Concentration. By increasing the amount of substrate, the rate of reaction will also increase as it is more likely that substrate molecules are closer to an enzyme molecule. However, this is only true to a certain limit as demonstrated in the chart. Both test tube 1 (which contains 100% of sucrose) and test tube 2 (which contains 50% of sucrose) have the same color activity despite the significant difference in concentration. This is because the concentration of substrates has reached an approximate saturation point, which is seen in this enzymatic reaction to be 50%.

Effects Of Smoking On Children And Children - 1645 Words

ntroduction For many years, second hand smoke has been affecting the lungs of many people. While most of these people can get away from it, one significant population does not always have that option. Innocent children and infants are most affected by second hand smoke. Unfortunately, these adolescents do not know that it is causing major health effects to their underdeveloped bodies. Children and infants involuntary inhale smoke in their homes and on the streets where they live. Laws regarding smoking in restaurants, on playgrounds, and on school properties have majorly decreased the risks. However, it is not limited to those areas. There are more ways to decrease it. Interventions that reduce second hand smoke in homes where children live and reduce smoking before, during and after birth will decrease an infant’s exposure. Providing counseling, follow up techniques, and education to parents, or primary caretakers who smoke are two ways that can help them quit and realize the harmful eff ects that smoking actually has on their children. Focusing on the individual who is harmed in these situations is not always the answer. One must focus on the one who is causing the effects because second hand smoke is not something that children can avoid themselves. Intervention Strategy 1: Reduction in second hand smoke in the home Children spend most of their time in their homes. If parents, older siblings or the primary caretakers smoke in the house it increases the chance of themShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Smoking Ban On Children1747 Words   |  7 Pages Smoking Ban Name: Institution: Course: Date: The number of people suffering from secondhand smoke in UK and US has increased tremendously over the years. A lot of money which could have been used to start projects that will spearhead growth of the economy is being directed to treat these diseases. Majority of the affected population are young children. However, research has indicated that the largest number of these children emanates from family where none of the parent is a smokerRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On Children s Health953 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking causes serious damage to person’s health. This section look at the cost smoking have on government, most notably, the cost of smoking to the NHS such as prescription costs and the cost of the ‘stop smoking’ campaigns which puts an substantial deficit for the NHS budget. A report published by Health Social Care Information Centre revealed that the illness and disease associated with smoking gives rise to costs in the NHS (Eastwood, P Head, S 2013). T he costs of smoking can be categorisedRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking During Breastfeeding On Children2052 Words   |  9 PagesSmoking during breastfeeding affects a lot to the health of your baby as the smoke favors the occurrence of respiratory diseases and increases the risk of sudden death. During pregnancy, often you hear how harmful smoking is to the development of your baby. Premature birth, low birth weight, and disorders in their respiratory system are just some of the negative effects. Once your child is born and the process of breastfeeding starts, this article will help you immensely with its recommendationsRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On Children s Body System Essay827 Words   |  4 PagesCigar contains 4000 toxic chemicals to body, and some are even cancer causing agents. (1) Smoking cigar does not only affect the smoker but also others by secondary smoking, especially to children and infants. Secondary smoking could negatively impact children’s body system. NHS is one of the biggest and famous website in health field in the UK. It contains many health information and provide the different types of services which patients would like to choose and receive from clinics. It developedRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking On Children s Health Before And After You r Baby951 Words   |  4 Pages Smoking While Pregnant Smoking while pregnant is a known teratogen. For those who don’t know, a teratogen is an agent or factor that causes malformation of an embryo. Smoking is very bad for a baby’s health before and after your baby is born. Many people don’t understand the importance of this, nor do they understand that not only does an unborn child get the smoke, but all the chemicals in a cigarette as well. Cigarettes contain more than 4,000 chemicals, like nicotine, cyanide, lead, carbon monoxideRead More America Needs a Complete Smoking Ban Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesAssociation†). Children all over the United States are unwillingly exposed to parental secondhand smoke in public, in cars, and at home. When children are exposed to secondhand smoke, many develop life threatening diseases later in life as a result of that exposure. In the United States, smoking should be banned while in the presence of children. Children’s lungs are vulnerable to the effects of s econdhand smoke, and this can cause serious problems down the road. Some states have already banned smoking in publicRead MoreBiological Effects from Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke776 Words   |  3 Pagesevidence dealing with biological effects from exposure to second-hand smoke. A lot of people aren’t educated about this topic, but second-hand smoke can harm someone almost as much as someone who actually smokes, depending on how often he/she is around it. Young children are a huge target for this subject because many biological and medical researchers have found second-hand smoke causing lifetime damage, and many other negative effects to children as they grow. Smoking bans in certain areas around theRead MoreSecondhand Smoke Essay807 Words   |  4 PagesSecondhand smoke is just as harmful as smoking because it leads to a higher prevalence of cancer and heart disease, it affects children’s health, and harms nonsmokers since they are healthy. You ever thought if sm oking was harmful to you or your friends? Is smoking really that good? Many years smoking has been proven to be harmful. Smoking takes control of your mind, body and physical appearance sometimes. Many smokers are starting to smoke now at a young age. Smoking isn’t only harmful to you but allRead MoreHow Can Such a Life Threatening Issue Be Overlooked So Easily?1611 Words   |  7 Pagesof Americans die every year from cigarette smoke, but not all of them are smokers. Conclusive information shows, â€Å"Since the 1964 Surgeon General’s Report, 2.5 million adults who were nonsmokers died because they breathed secondhand smoke† (â€Å"Health Effects†). These nonsmokers, who died from secondhand smoke related illnesses, were exposed to secondhand smoke throughout their lives in order for these illnesses to develop. Most adults who suffer from secondhand smoke related issues were raised in homesRead MorePersuasive Speech to Stop Smoking734 Words   |  3 P agesto stop smoking. Smoking is not only bad for health it is also as bad for the people around you. Breathing other peoples smoke is called passive, involuntary or secondhand smoking. The non-smoker breathes side stream smoke from the burning tip of the cigarette and mainstream smoke that has been inhaled and then exhaled by the smoker. Secondhand smoke is a major source of indoor air pollution. How does this affect the passive smoker? Some of the immediate effects of passive

The Transgender Community For Hate Based Crimes Of Violence

[T]here is a profound difference between pretending to be something in imaginary play, and declaring who you are - insistently, consistently, and persistently. Those are the three markers that set Transgender [people] apart. In the summer of 2014, Debi Johnson gave a speech telling the story behind mothering a Transgender child; with this quote she grasped the concept behind what it means to identify as Transgender in the best way possible. In today’s society, Transgender people are the most targeted group in the LGBTQ+ community for hate-based crimes of violence. Seventeen percent of Transgender people were victims of such violence in 2009, with 11 percent targeted towards those who identified as female, according to the Office for Victims of Crime. The Transgender community is fighting for their freedom to express their way of life without the worry of judgment or discrimination. Acceptance needs to be found first in their own homes if they want to move further along in soci ety. Security of life is greatly dependent on their acceptance into society. As teens and as adults they need to have ease of mind that they will be able to live normal lives without consequences coming from it. To understand this problem better, one must first know what identifying as Transgender signifies. Being Transgender is when one does not identify with their biological sex, it is a feeling you can get as early as two or three years of age (â€Å"Gender and Gender Identity at a Glance†). BeingShow MoreRelatedThe Prevention Of Violence And Discrimination Based On Sexual Orientation And Gender Identity1713 Words   |  7 PagesCommittee: GA3 - The Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee Issue: The prevention of violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity Student Officer: Sarah Lim Position: Chair of the Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee ________________________________________ Introduction: Gender identity and sexual orientation is one of the more stigmatized and marginalized aspects of self-expression for any human in our society today. A state or country with a more liberalRead MoreThe Murder Of Gwen Amber Rose Araujo1562 Words   |  7 PagesJustice Professor at Bridgewater State University, states that crimes are committed for numerous reasons. However, when dealing with bias crime, also known as hate crime, the motivation stems from â€Å"prejudice or hostile† behavior that is â€Å"triggered by his or her perception of the victim’s ethnicity, race, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, or gender† (Tupin-Petrosino, 2015, p. 2). When one thinks of a gender-based crime, many individuals concluded the crime’s victim is most likelyRead MoreHate Crime Protection for Gays and Lesbians685 Words   |  3 Pagesthe hate crimes that happen in the world. Arent we told as young children and also throughout life to treat other s as we would want to be treated? So why are some decimated against based on sexual preference? The statistics show the percentages of the hate discrimination against the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transsexual community. The violence that they are pitted against, due to peoples discrimination against them, in life. And I will also mention the discrimination that the LGBT community goesRead MoreThe LGBT Community: The Need for an Anti-Discrimination Bill720 Words   |  3 PagesThe need for an anti-discrimination bill for members of the LGBT community is large and the discrimination against LGBT identifying individuals extends far past the workplace and into the homes and communities. Only 11 states currently provide transgender victims with protection under hate crimes. In all other states, violent crimes against transgender individuals are prosecuted without a hate crime enhancement. Transgender individuals often find it hard to find employment and feel safe. Due to theRead MoreH ate Crimes Laws And Hate Crime1543 Words   |  7 PagesHate Crimes What is a hate crime? Although the definition can vary based on what groups are included (Cogan, 2006, p. 174) the simplest definition would be, violence against a person or group of people based on their gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, race or disability (Burgess, Regehr, Roberts, 2013). Hate Crimes do not just effect the victim but also the community. Those who become victims of hate crime are not chosen at random, it is because of the group they identify with orRead MoreLesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgender1675 Words   |  7 PagesLesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) community because they face multiple levels of victimization, and it is hard for this group to adjust to society once they have identified themselves as being gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender. In 2013, law enforcement agencies had reported 5,928 hate crime incidents, 20.8 percent were motivated by sexual orientation, and 60.6 percent were identified as gay male-targeted bias. Gay males is one of the main targets to a hate crime, only because the offenderRead MoreEssay on Relationship Transgender Identity1609 Words   |  7 PagesTransgender is a term that is used to describe men and women who were born a certain sex, but feel their true gender is the opposite. Some live completely - or part time - as the opposite sex. There are also some transgender people that get sex reassignment surgery, completely changing their gender. While the definition of transgender is not yet fully agreed upon and is indeed still changing on a regular basis, there are some elements that seem to remain consistent: 1. Not identifying with theRead MoreHate Crime Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States, hate crimes have been the longest of many crimes that are committed. What is a hate crime? A hate crime is a criminal offense that is committed against an individual, a group, or a property, largely due to their; race, gender, sexuality, religious, and the list goes on and on. A hate crime is the act of aggression that goes against the individual, group, or society. Examples include; assault and battery, vandalism, and threats. Hate crimes are the most damaging, they attackRead MoreThe Issues Of The Transgender Community1734 Words   |  7 Pagessignificantly insightful regarding the issues of the transgender community. For one thing, when it came to injustices in the justice system, I believed the limit was the race of the individual. However, Jessica Lynn`s unfortunate story about her being removed from her son s birth certificate based solely on her gender identity is heartbreaking and surprising. Jessica Lynn`s presentation added to my understanding of how being transgender does not guarantee a fair advantage in the justice systemRead MoreEssay On Matthew Shepard Hate Crime1189 Words   |  5 PagesShepard Hate Crimes Prevention Act. The purpose of this act was to â€Å"provide Federal assistance to States, local jurisdictions, and Indian tribes to prosecute hate crimes† (Kennedy, 2009 p.1). Assistance other than financial assistance, in general, at the request of State, local or, tribal law enforcement agency, the Attorney General may provide technical, forensic, prosecutorial, or any other form of assistance in the criminal investigation or prosecution of any crime that , constitutes a crime of violence;

Exercise 3.4 Reverse Discrimination Or Legal Affirmative...

Exercise 3.4 - Reverse Discrimination or Legal Affirmative Action? FORM 3.4.1 1. What conditions are necessary in order for an organization to show preference for one group over another? As long as it is not sexual, racial or discrimination because of any disabilities which has no connection with the performance of the job, the organization can differentiate between different groups through job qualifications, skill sets education levels, interviews, , and many other conditions required by certain jobs. 2. Given the actual wording in section 703J of Title VII, which seems to explicitly prohibit preferential treatment, how can an organization show preference to women as in this case? Doesn t position B seem more compatible with Section 703J? The Title VII’s section 703J is very strict about preferential treatment not to be granted on account of existing number or percentage imbalance. So the organization cannot do anything to support themselves, if it does it will violate regardless of their intention and will be considered reverse discrimination. 3. To what extent did you take into consideration the great disparity in the number of male and female dispatchers? What if the 80% rule had been violated? Would you have a different opinion? It is true that there is a great disparity in the number of workers but it is legal if the number of females applying is low. It is illegal when equal number of apply and more males are choses based on the sex. However if more males areShow MoreRelatedThe Legal Environment: Equal Employment Opportunity and Safety6188 Words   |  25 PagesCHAPTER 3 The Legal Environment: Equal Employment Opportunity and Safety Chapter Summary The legal environment is one of the critical environmental factors that affects the management of people. 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Topic 4—Market applications Topic 4 puts the demand and supply model you have learnt into action by applying the model to particular markets and by showing how consumers and producers react by changing their choices when there are significant alterations in the market price-setting mechanism. 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Negative Externality Or Social Cost Occurs â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Negative Externality Or Social Cost Occurs? Answer: Introducation A negative externality or social cost occurs when the third party ends up paying the price as a result of an economic transaction they were not part of, where the first and second parties are the producer and consumer respectively, and the third part is any other individual, resource, company or company owner who is indirectly affected. Negative externalities are usually created in circumstances where there has been no allocation of property rights over resources or assets, or there has been some uncertainties (Economics Online, n.d.). A good example of this would be since no one owns oceans and it cannot say to be anyones private property, companies feel like they can pollute water without any persecutions which emphasize the importance of property rights for the development of economies. Social costs may when companies have failed to include them when they are doing calculations concerning the costs of production. This mistake is usually made because social costs cannot be measured using financial data on which production decisions are centered. An example of this would be when a company decides to expand in a new location and doing the calculations the cost that people who live in that area will accrue due to the noise or smoke level, for instance, was not accounted for which would produce economic results that do not benefit the society because the people living in that area were not included when the company was making the decision to expand to that area. So the only people who will be benefiting are the owners of the company who wont be affected by the increased noise or smoke level. Although companies could solve negative externalities by internalizing the costs third parties have to pay, many of them could afford it; so the next best option is for governments to step up and resolve the issues. Negative externalities create a market failure and impact the economic efficiency, so governments have to intervene to address that inefficiency. In an optimally efficient market, there is a perfect allocation of resources to whom need them in appropriate amounts. In an efficient economy, the society uses resources to produce a satisfying amount of goods and services that are is superior to other societies using fewer resources. In efficient markets, however, there is no allocation so it creates a disorder where some may take way too many resources for themselves while others are left with scraps. By intervening the government fight against these inequalities by various means such as regulations, subsidies, and taxation. Source (Adhikari,, 2016) With a Q* output, social marginal cost is greater than the social marginal benefit. Social efficiency will occur at Qm and at Qc there are externalities cost occurring. In some occasions, governments intervene to maximize social welfare. Certain corporations out there their power especially in monopolies to cause chaos in the market by increasing entry costs and preventing the development of infrastructure which weakens resources, subdue innovation and minimize trade. In this case, the government interferes by creating strict regulations to minimize negative externalities. In other occasions, the government interferes to reduce the damages natural economic events such as recession and inflation caused. In this case, the government interferes using subsidies and manipulate the money supply to reduce the impact. Promoting fairness in the economy, in general, could be another reason for government interference. Taxation and welfare programs would be the best options when a situation like arises because it will facilitate reallocation of financial resources from the most profitable companies to those who are most in need. A case for negative externalities is the one that happened in Kathmandu, Nepal where due to the rapid growth of urbanization, squatter settlements have increased. Although squatter settlements play an important role in Kathmandus economic growth, they have created various negative externalities because they are unorganized. Policy makers have found it challenging to solve this problem because of it would be greatly beneficial for Nepal if its cities develop. Nevertheless, negative externalities cannot be left unresolved. The governments intervention is related to counseling, education, and awareness of the public (Adhikari, 2016). It is important to note that squatter settlements are inevitable especially as cities develop because they will produce the economies of scale and agglomeration economies that will attract many people. All the negative externalities created by squatter settlements cannot be fixed quickly; with this consideration in mind, the primary thing the government can do is taking the time to educate, counsel and create awareness into the public in order to change their attitude towards squatter settlements. Governments can use numerous strategies to make this happen; the Nepal government used the enabling approach. With the enabling approach, the government does not take a confrontationist or defensive position with the public; instead, it develops an environment that will enable people to find exclusive local solutions for their accommodation problems by teaching them how to use and generate resources on their own (Adhikari,, 2016). Negative externalities disturb the price equilibrium which makes it inaccurately reflect the actual costs and benefit of services or products. When there is an equilibrium in a perfectly competitive market, there is a balance between the buyers' benefits and producers' costs in order to produce an optimal level of production (Fundamental Finance, n.d.). When this does not occur the social marginal costs will surpass the private marginal costs which will affect the competition in the market because companies will produce a higher output than that of the optimal level. In a monopoly, the situation would be different. The produced output would be lower than that of the optimal level. When a market failure caused by negative externalities, monopolies would be socially preferable to perfectly competitive markets. For instance, when a negative externality like pollution occurs as a byproduct of increased manufacturing activities, a perfectly competitive market would produce more output (pollution) than a monopoly would (Pearson Education, n.d.). In this case, the production of more output would not be economically efficient because more resources than required are being used hence the pollution. Of course, a monopoly is the last option governments ever consider because they are better options to solving problems such as pollution such as regulating the market. References Adhikari, S., R. (2016). Externalities in Kathmandu. Singapore: Springer Economics Online. (n.d.). Negative externalities. Retrieved from https://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Market_failures/Externalities.html Fundamental Finance. (n.d.). Negative Externality. Retrieved from https://economics.fundamentalfinance.com/negative-externality.php Pearson Education. (n.d.). Monopoly and Externalities. 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